![]() ![]() A key connotation of such terminology is that of a transformation from a relatively fair set of political practices to an unjust and impure one. Laying the bases for modern-day concerns over plutocratic and kleptocratic rule, the Ancient Greeks used the word "oligarchy" to refer to a system of rule by the few for the purpose of moneymaking (Kuhner, 2016, p. ![]() Socrates: Surely, what happens to be honoured is practiced, and what is without honour is neglected. Socrates: Surely, when wealth and the wealthy are honoured in the city, virtue and the good men are less honourable. Consider this exchange between the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates and one of his interlocutors, Adeimantus, found in Plato's These vices may acquire wider public and political relevance when they have corrosive or distorting effects which influence social institutions or the social order (for an overview, see Miller, 2004). #DEEPER MEANING PROFESSIONAL#These may be personal vices affecting professional performance in public office. This encompasses character traits, such as greed, disloyalty, squandering, envy and self-indulgence. One basic way in which corruption has been understood is as a trait of character or a vice. In what follows, some useful understandings of corruption are discussed. By taking stock of many different understandings of corruption, we can develop an integrated awareness and a fuller understanding of the phenomenon. ![]()
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